Support SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE on HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 #78193

HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 specs define an advisory SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE setting:

This advisory setting informs a peer of the maximum field section size that the sender is prepared to accept, in units of octets. The value is based on the uncompressed size of field lines, including the length of the name and value in units of octets plus an overhead of 32 octets for each field line.

An endpoint can use the SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE to advise peers of limits that might apply on the size of uncompressed field blocks. This setting is only advisory, so endpoints MAY choose to send field blocks that exceed this limit and risk the request or response being treated as malformed

So while HttpClient isn't violating the spec by not enforcing this limit, we could play nicer here.

The fact that we're not enforcing the limit leads to situations that can be very difficult to debug. The server is free to close the connection in situations where it receives too many header bytes. On HttpClient's side, we're then forced to fail all the requests that are being multiplexed over that connection and report a non-helpful exception, while logging on the server may not even indicate that any such offending request was received.

System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: An error occurred while sending the request.
System.IO.IOException: The request was aborted.
System.IO.IOException: The response ended prematurely while waiting for the next frame from the server.
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.<ReadFrameAsync>g__ThrowMissingFrame|57_1()   
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.ReadFrameAsync(Boolean initialFrame)  
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.ProcessIncomingFramesAsync()   
    --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.ThrowRequestAborted(Exception innerException)
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.Http2Stream.CheckResponseBodyState() 
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.Http2Stream.TryEnsureHeaders()
    at System.Net.Http.Http2Connection.Http2Stream.ReadResponseHeadersAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)

I believe that HttpClient should enforce this setting if the server announced it. We should do so by failing the request before we send any data from that request on the shared connection.