Expanding conceptual docs (and some other minor docs)

[AdamGS]

Summary

Adds more docs, both module level conceptual docs which pulls from docs/, and many local changes documenting specific functions or types. Also tried to include basic examples.

The main changes are in vortex, vortex-array and vortex-file and vortex-layout.

Was done with the help of Claude to try and find gaps/mistakes, and fill in some of the obvious changes.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

⚡ 5 improved benchmarks
❌ 3 regressed benchmarks
✅ 1575 untouched benchmarks

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	Simulation	chunked_varbinview_into_canonical[(1000, 10)]	168.9 µs	205.6 µs	-17.85%
❌	Simulation	slice_empty_vortex	310 ns	368.3 ns	-15.84%
❌	Simulation	rebuild_naive	99.8 µs	111 µs	-10.09%
⚡	Simulation	chunked_bool_canonical_into[(1000, 10)]	27 µs	16.1 µs	+67.45%
⚡	Simulation	chunked_varbinview_canonical_into[(100, 100)]	258.9 µs	223.7 µs	+15.71%
⚡	Simulation	bitwise_not_vortex_buffer_mut[128]	244.4 ns	215.3 ns	+13.55%
⚡	Simulation	chunked_varbinview_into_canonical[(100, 100)]	306 µs	270.8 µs	+13.01%
⚡	Simulation	bitwise_not_vortex_buffer_mut[1024]	304.7 ns	275.6 ns	+10.58%

Tip

Investigate this regression by commenting @codspeedbot fix this regression on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing adamg/expands-rustdocs-from-docs (6a08e69) with develop (226477d)}

[robert3005]

This